STAGED: A Spatial-Temporal Aware Graph Encoder–Decoder for Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Processes

Data-driven fault diagnosis for critical industrial processes has exhibited promising potential with massive operating data from the supervisory control and data acquisition system. However, automatically extracting the complicated interactions between measurements and subtly integrating them with temporal evolutions have not been fully considered. Besides, with the increasing complexity of industrial processes, accurately locating fault roots is of tremendous significance. In this article, we propose an unsupervised spatial-temporal aware graph encoder–decoder (STAGED) model for industrial fault diagnosis. First, the high-dimensional measurements are constructed as a weighted graph to depict the complicated interactions. Then, the graph convolutional network, long short-term memory network and attention mechanism are applied to learn a comprehensive representation for multiseries. To enforce the model to better capture the temporal evolution, the dual decoder that performs reconstruction and prediction tasks simultaneously is adopted with a well-designed comprehensive loss function. By learning the spatial-temporal evolutions of datasets, faults can be diagnosed and located at a fine-grained level based on reconstruction deviations. To verify the performance of STAGED, experiments on the Cranfield three-phase flow facility and secure water treatment datasets are implemented and the results indicate that it can provide insight into fault evolution and accurately diagnose faults.