Modeling of Path Loss Characteristics in a Waveguide-Like Structure Scenario at 28 GHz

Radio wave propagation in a waveguide-like structure scenario performs a specific path loss characteristic which is termed as waveguide effect. In this paper, we analyze the path loss characteristics in a waveguide-like structure scenario based on channel measurements at 28 GHz. First, three different modeling methods, including the waveguide approach, ray-tracing approach, and empirical approach, are compared and validated with the measurement results. This study suggests that the empirical dual-slope channel model can give a more accurate prediction of path loss with minimum root mean square error (RMSE). Secondly, the influence of the geometry position of antennas on path loss is investigated by using the dual-slope path loss model. Comparative analysis results reveal that a stronger waveguide effect exists when placing the antenna close to the wall and when having antenna height difference, horizontal measurements at different line-of-sight distances confirm the analysis that waveguide effect exists after the breakpoint.