The learning approaches using Augmented Reality in learning environments: Meta-Analysis

With the emergence of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the educational settings are changing quickly. Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the upcoming technologies. AR enhances the real world by overlaying/augmenting the virtual/digital information over it. It provides the user with the ability to interact with the created virtual world in real space. The aim of this study is to classify the learning approaches implemented through AR technology. The technique used for the analysis is derived from systematic search of online literature databases like Taylor Francis, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The keywords used for the search include learning approaches, AR, AR in education, AR in learning and teaching and integration approaches. The findings of this research work highlights 4 categories of educational learning approaches that highlight AR. The approaches are experimental learning, game-based, interactive and collaborative learning. The research findings can be referred by other researchers and educators to identify the potential of AR in education and the learning approaches currently used with AR for their further research on how these approaches can be effectively and efficiently implemented in educational settings.

I. INTRODUCTION

Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging technology with its advancements in development of smart applications and gadgets for experiencing AR. With the virtual/digital layer, AR creates illusions in the real environment to enhance spatial visualizations. This feature of AR can be used to enhance educational potential of AR [1]. AR is a technology that enables virtual world objects to be merged in the physical world and then coalesced in the same environment [2]. In the field of education, AR is currently trending. Research has shown substantial results in which students who are using AR-based technology are motivated and have a high degree of satisfaction and confidence while using mobile AR devices in learning [3]. The study [4] found that teaching with Augmented Reality can draw students' attention and motivate them more in their learning.