A Textile Based Wideband Wearable Antenna

A low-cost textile-based antenna has been anticipated for wearable applications which cover the wideband 2.2–5 GHz frequency spectrum. This broadband range covers Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) (2.36 – 2.4 GHz) band, Industrial Scientific and Medical ISM (2.4–2.48 GHz) band and WiMAX (3.4–3.6 GHz) band. The antenna is designed on denim textile-based material due to flexible and low-cost advantages. The basic design of the proposed antenna was a simple rectangular patch with a ground plane. It is modified using fractal geometry, and final proposed design look like to a circular shape. A partial ground plan is used for increasing the bandwidth of antenna and decrease the back-loop radiations. The free space radiation analysis shows that the designed antenna has wideband of 2.7 GHz at 2.45 GHz frequency. The overall footprint of the antenna is
$0.356\lambda_{\mathrm{o}}\times 0.237\lambda_{\mathrm{o}}\times 0.005\lambda_{\mathrm{o}}$
with a minimum gain of antenna 2.32 dBi. The radiated efficiency of an antenna in free space was 95% at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna investigated under on-body analysis for SAR evaluation at 2.45 GHz operating frequency. The SAR results on rectangular and cylindrical tissue model with skin, fat, muscle, and bone are under safety limits of US and EU standards. In fact, all results of antenna concluded that designed antenna is a decent applicant for wearable on-body applications.