EM wave propagation through the seawater-air interface in dynamic marine environment

Electromagnetic (EM) wave has a good performance of trans-media propagation. This characteristic is helpful for wireless data transmission from seawater to air. However, water movement can affect the EM wave propagation. This paper evaluates the performance of EM wave propagation in real dynamic marine environment. The theoretical model was built to describe the EM field in air produced by underwater magnetic dipole with orientation and position changes. Meanwhile, experiment on sea was implemented to verify the theoretical results. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that EM fields in air will be greatly affected by the changes of underwater antenna's orientation and position. The fluctuations of field intensity in air will reduce the stability of wireless data transmission from seawater to air.