A study of the influences of the horizontal skewness and vertical skewness on the electromagnetic scattering from nonlinear fractal sea surface

In this paper, the influences of the horizontal skewness and vertical skewness on the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from the nonlinear fractal sea surface are studied. The horizontal skewness and vertical skewness of the nonlinear fractal sea surface are presented firstly, then the backscattering coefficients and bistatic scattering coefficients of the fractal sea surface with and without skewnesses are calculated by employing the method of second-order small-slope approximation (SSA-II). From the scattering results, the horizontal skewness in this paper has a greater impact on the EM scattering from the nonlinear fractal sea surface than the vertical skewness.