PIDD controller for AGC of nonlinear system with PEV integration and AC-DC links

This paper investigates, load frequency control (LFC) of nonlinear multi area system with hydro thermal units. Secondary controller adopted for test system model is double derivative (DD) with proportional (P) plus integral (I) (PIDD) controller, whose gains are optimized with grey wolf optimization (GWO) subjected to performance index minimization of error squared over integral (ISE). However, functioning of PIDD is compared with other classical controllers to reveal the superiority. Test system is investigated by subjugating area-1 with a load change of 0.01pu.MW. Later, the system is incorporated with plug in electric vehicles (PEVs) to regulate the system frequency further. Finally, HVDC link is amalgamated with existing AC line to boost up the mitigation of system deviations. Investigation reveals the dominance of GWO based PIDD controller with PEVs integration and AC-DC links in mitigating the system deviations effectively.