Coplanar Triple-Independent-Element Model for Power Quasi-Isotropic Antennas

In order to reduce the gain variation (GV) for quasi-isotropic antennas, a coplanar triple-independent-element model (CTIEM) has been proposed and quantitatively analyzed. According to the analytical model, a GV as low as 0.014 dB can be obtained, which is very close to an ideal isotropic source.