Design of Optimal Satellite Constellation for Indonesian Regional Navigation System based on GEO and GSO Satellites

Autonomous regional navigation system provides independent and accurate positioning services continuously to a selected region. This paper presents the space segment's design algorithm for the Indonesian regional navigation system, which will provide real-time self-reliance positioning, velocity, and timing services to the civilians and more accurate positional service to military personnel. The purpose of this research is to find the optimal satellite constellation of combined Geostationary (GEO) and Geosynchronous (GSO) satellites with 100% coverage throughout Indonesia territory and better positioning service to the user using a minimum number of satellites. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used for finding optimal satellite constellation, which gives the least mean Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) over the selected places in Indonesia. Then the optimal constellation is simulated in System Tool Kit (STK) to verify the performance of the Genetic Algorithm results. The design algorithm's output depicts that the optimized satellite constellation for the Indonesian regional navigation system consists of 3 GEO and 4 GSO satellites. The simulation results in STK indicate that the proposed satellite constellation provides accurate position and navigation services to entire Indonesia with the mean GDOP of less than 4 value.