A Systematic Analysis of Vietnam's Province Level Household Energy Security Status and its Implication for Sustainable Development Goals

Energy security is one of the key priorities of the United Nations' sustainable development agenda of 2030. Limited studies have focused on accessibility, availability, and security of energy across the provinces of Vietnam using household data. The present study considers aims to fill this gap and by quantifying the level of electricity and cooking fuel consumption in Vietnam at the household level. The results of our analysis reveal that the rate and consumption of electricity as well as heating and cooking fuel use are significantly different across the geographical regions of Vietnam. Particularly, the Red River and Mekong River deltas have very high consumption of electricity. Following the same pattern, access to heating and cooking fuel is distributed mainly northern region near Hanoi and the southern region near Ho Chi Min City. These regions of River deltas have fertile plain land and high intensity of livelihood engagement, which accelerates the use of energy resources. The outcome is an integrated method for quantification of energy security initiatives that can be instigated on a number of spatial and institutional levels. This method can provide insights into the state of energy security in Vietnam, and can become an important tool in simultaneously evaluating energy development priorities worldwide.