Optimizing the Operation of Photovoltaic Panel Systems

Photovoltaic systems contains photovoltaic panels that are made up of photovoltaic cells, the inverter, electrical connections, and the mechanical support of photovoltaic panels. The role of the inverter is to obtain alternating current for charging from the direct current obtained from solar energy. Grid-connected photovoltaic panels can be on-grid, off-grid or hybrid. Both the material used and the costs of materials play an important role in optimizing the efficiency of photovoltaic panels. To increase efficiency, photovoltaic panels must be installed so as to maximize direct exposure to sunlight. The efficiency, reliability and durability of photovoltaic panels can be reduced by the presence of certain defects of photovoltaic modules or dust accumulation. An important role in optimization is also played by the methods for determining the power point, which must be at the maximum level in order to optimize the energy transfer from the photovoltaic panel to the load. Optimizing energy consumption and reducing costs is also achieved by implementing a SCADA automation system, as well as by minimizing the power fluctuation of on-grid photovoltaic panels using a super capacitor energy storage system. This paper also presents different types of inverters adapted to maximize the production of photovoltaic energy. In the analyzed literature, the main directions of research in the sense of optimizing photovoltaic panels focus on an improvement design, optimal operation and proper maintenance.