Copper Electroplated Metallization for Heterojunction Cells with AZO

Replacement of expensive and rare elements like silver and indium becomes necessary to sustain large scale PV production. With our copper plating process high efficiency above 24.7% has been achieved on industrial heterojunction precursors and excellent module reliability confirmed in extended aging tests. The initial process compatible with ITO has been modified for cells having an aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) electrode and first silver- and indium-free heterojunction cells have been fabricated.