Screen Printed Perovskite Solar Cells with a Mesoscopic Scaffold and Carbon Electrode without a Hole Transport Layer Fabricated and Characterized in an Undergraduate Research Laboratory

We fabricate and characterize perovskite solar cells with a mesoscopic scaffold of metal oxides and carbon nanomaterials that are screen printed and infiltrated with a perovskite precursor solution. We demonstrate reproducible results with hundreds of samples produced and measured in an undergraduate research laboratory. We combine imaging and analysis techniques with long term light soaking to report the stability of our cells and modules over time and to investigate the degradation mechanisms. Our cells have negligible hysteresis, efficiencies over 12%, and high current densities and open circuit voltages. Fill factors limit our cell performance.