Shipment-based urban freight emission calculation

In this paper we present a methodology to more accurately calculate emissions in regional freight transportation models by taking the loading rate of vehicles into account in the emission factors. This is done by incorporating the shipment-based demand data from a multi-agent simulation framework into the route assignment. In a case study we show that disregarding the vehicle loading rate can lead to underestimations of the amount of pollutant gasses. The application of this methodology in combination with a multi-agent simulation model allows to simulate impacts of changes in logistics behavior, such as vehicle type use or the scheduling of round tours, on emissions more accurately.