Adaptive Control of a 3D Printer using Whale Optimization Algorithm for Bio-Printing of Artificial Tissues and Organs

Nowadays, 3D printers are frequently used in the field of plastic surgery especially in the bio printing of ear, nose and face-chin prosthesis. In the bio-printing of intertwined complex geometry organs, printing errors varying from model to model are seen. These errors cause the printed organ to not function properly from time to time. It is vital that the controller algorithm of the 3D printer needs to be improved to deal with the errors that occur during bioprinting. In this study, a new adaptive PID controller based on Whale optimization Algorithm (WOA) is proposed for bio-printing of artificial tissues and organs. Thanks to the convergence speed and simplicity of the proposed metaheuristic optimization algorithm, the parameters of the PID controller can be adjusted quickly and accurately. The performance of the proposed WOA based PID controller was measured with the help of Integral of Time multiplied Squared Error (ITSE), one of the performance metrics. The proposed controller for the 3D printer is compared to the classical PID. From the results obtained, it is seen that the proposed controller significantly improves the transient response of the 3D printer.