Power-bandwidth-efficiency trade-offs of septuple VCSEL arrays

Compact groups of seven electrically-parallel, optically uncoupled, top-surface-emitting 980 nm vertical-single-cavity surface-emitting lasers arranged in a unique interconnected honeycomb pattern exhibit record concurrent combinations of large optical output power (70 to 100 mW), wall plug efficiency, and small-signal modulation bandwidth (15 to 21 GHz).