Optimal Planning of PV-DG Units in A Distribution System by Biogeography-based Optimization

This paper presents a two-stage approach for planning photovoltaic solar distributed generation (PV-DG) units considering load variations by using biogeography-based optimization (BBO) method. The objective function components include the system power loss, voltage regulator tap changes, and quadratic penalty term of rms voltage profile at different load levels while against system operating constraints. The proposed method is tested using an IEEE 123-bus benchmark network and results are compared with two other nature-inspired methods to show its superiority.