Development of the Motivation and Engagement in Virtual Reality Chinese Language Learning Questionnaire (MEVRCLQ)

Motivation and engagement play a key role in students' academic achievement. With the increasing adoption of virtual reality (VR) technology in language learning in recent years, there arises an urging need to develop an instrument for assessing the influence of VR technology on students' motivation and engagement in language learning. This research aimed to construct the said instrument, namely Motivational and Engagement in Virtual Reality Chinese Language Learning Questionnaires (MEVRCLQ). With a sample of 196 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong, the MEVRCLQ was validated with adequate reliability in measuring students' motivation and engagement in the context of VR-assisted Chinese language learning. This is the first study of investigating the association of students' first language (L1) related learning outcomes with motivation and engagement constructs.