Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage System in the UK Power System for the Frequency Regulation with High Wind Penetration

The integration of large-scale wind farms into national grids can increase the number of sudden frequency deviations. It is desirable to find ways of dealing with these undesirable frequency excursions. This paper describes a study for identifying the optimal regulation of frequency within the UK national grid using battery energy storage systems (BESS) distributed within the electrical power system. The starting point was historical generation, load and wind forecast data. From this a new dynamic model and simulation has been developed that exhibits the correct dynamic behavior observed in the actual data sets. The new dynamic simulation was then used to optimize the use of distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems to provide enhanced frequency regulation in the UK national power grid in the presence of large generation/load imbalances caused by variable renewable generation output. The paper concludes that it is feasible to find a suitable optimal BESS that can operate economically in the national grid to provide frequency regulation and meet low carbon obligations.