Real-world application of sustainable mobility in urban micro smart grids

The development of micro grids is attracting increased research interest as they could assure high energy reliability, control loads in future electric power distribution systems, and foster the integration of renewable and decentralized energy resources. The impact of micro grid concepts is expanding through the increase of renewable generation systems market share and the growing limitations of the power system by higher adoption of electric vehicles. A significant challenge with regards to micro grids is the development and implementation of control algorithms to ensure efficient and reliable operation. This paper presents and investigates operational strategies, namely electric vehicle load management and self-consumption, of micro grids for real-world site applications on the European Energy Forum (EUREF) Campus in Berlin, Germany. These strategies meet requirements for economical and research operation, based on the current legal conditions for renewable energy resources in Germany. A rule-based control algorithm for self-consumption of local charging stations for electric vehicles is developed and implemented in a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) environment. Measurements are performed with high resolution and analyzes carried out for the collected data sets of the years 2017-2019. A discussion shows the potential of the proposed control algorithm with regards to self-consumption. The influence of operating characteristics and restrictions in real-world applications are investigated and compared to ideal operating conditions.