Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Loading Slot Using Characteristic Modes

This paper presents characteristic mode analysis (CMA) to explore the effect of loading different slots in the microstrip patch antenna. Slots are effective in reducing the subsequent high-order modes. The CMA provides physical insight into the radiation mechanism of a microstrip patch antenna and achieves an antenna structure with optimum wideband performance. The design of the antenna with an L-shaped slot provides good radiation performance and is therefore a good candidate for wideband applications.