Adaptive Protection Scheme for a Real-World Microgrid with 100% Inverter-Based Resources

As more renewable generation connects to distribution systems, it is imminent that existing distribution feeders will be converted to microgrids - systems that offer resilience by providing the flexibility of supporting the grid in normal operation and operating as self-sustained islands when the grid is disconnected. However, inverter control and feeder protection will need to be tuned to the operating modes of the microgrid. This paper offers an insight into the issues involved by taking a case study of a real-world feeder located in the southwestern US that was converted to a microgrid with three solar PV units connecting to the feeder. Different inverter control configurations and adaptive protection using different settings for different operating conditions are proposed for safe operation of this microgrid. The solution also helps to create a framework for protection and coordination of other similar microgrids.