Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch by Introducing Compressed Air Energy Storage for Solving Duck Curve

The massive penetration of photovoltaic (PV) causes a duck curve problem. The larger the PV penetration, the larger the duck curve problem. In the duck curve, the difference of load demands at peak and off-peak is enormous, which causes thermal generators do not operate optimally. This research proposes Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) as a load demand balancer for addressing the duck curve problem. CAES will store electricity when the system has a surplus due to PV penetration during the day. Otherwise, CAES will inject power into the system at night when the PV no longer cannot be used. In this paper, the dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) is carried out on thermal generators and CAES to determine optimal output of thermal generators and CAES operation pattern to meet the load demand for 24 hours and the Quadratic Constrained Programming (QCP) on the DELD integrated with CAES problem is solved by using the CPLEX solver to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.