The Effectiveness of Paced Breathing versus Game-Biofeedback on Heart Rate Variability: An Observational Study

This study examined the effectiveness of diaphragmatic paced breathing at (0.1Hz) or obtaining biofeedback via a computer-game compared to normal breathing on heart rate variability (HRV). The aim was to determine whether individual differences exist and allow best practice on an individualized basis for relaxation and stress reduction. Six subjects participated in the repeat measures pilot study. HRV data was recorded during every session using HeartMath and analysed using Kubios software. Paced breathing indicated a substantial decrease in heart rate. Maximum change of low frequency power (%) was seen for the balloon condition with lesser change during paced breathing, The most changes between rest and intervention was observed for the very low frequency power (%) with no substantial differences between paced breathing and the balloon intervention. This suggests that the balloon game may more effective when breathing at approximately 0.1Hz and initiates vagal predominance which has been associated with reduced stress.