A Review on opportunities and challenges of Nano Antenna for Terahertz Communications

Radiation and propagation of enhanced and coherent fields at Nano scale is possible by using Optical Nano-Antennas and Microwave Antennas. Infrared and visible radiation has great ability to enhance the light interaction with Nano scale matter when Nano antennas are at the sensing part due to their ability to efficiently link broadcasting and spatially confined optical fields. This ability unravels a massive potential for applications reaching from Nano scale optical spectroscopy and microscopy over integrated optical Nano circuitry, solar energy transformation, opto electronics and density of states engineering to ultra-sensing and enhancement of optical nonlinearities. Optical nano-antennas, nowadays offering researchers a broaden area of electromagnetic spectrum from lowest radio frequency to X-ray for its design, analyses and prediction of upcoming inventions. Their applications in areas with demanding necessities, i.e. in imaging, sensing, energy storage and cure and prevention of diseases has brought revolutionary progresses. This paper reviews and discusses about the importance of Terahertz applications in nanotechnology. In the present work, fabrication and characterization techniques in Nano antenna manufacturing are reviewed. The research taken with respect to the used materials, antenna structure and it's parameters along with its applications are compared.