Gas Centered Swirl Co-Axial (GCSC) injectors relevant to rocket propulsion applications

Atomization is the process of fragmenting bulk liquid into smaller droplets. Gas Centered Swirl Co-axial (GCSC) injectors belong to the class of air assisted injectors wherein atomization proceeds by the relative motion between an swirling annular liquid sheet and a fast moving central on its inside. These class of injectors are relevant in rocket propulsion applications due to the high gas to fuel momentum ratios. Experimental and analytical research have been done with GCSC injectors over the past few decades. The current study is an attempt to review the important works done till date on GCSC injectors with primary focus on the atomization performance of the class of injectors over a range of operating conditions.