BIIT: Standardization of Blockchain-based I2oT Systems in the I4 Era

In Industry 4.0 (I4), the Industrial Internet of Things (I
²
oT) data streams are prone to significant data manipulation risks. The integration of Blockchains (BC) with I
²
oT may become a solution preventing from this problem. This paper provides a blockchain-agnostic Blockchain I
²
oT (BI
²
oT) architecture called BIIT that allows developing a broad range of BC applications fully integrating Internet of Things (IoT). The mechanisms introduced in BIIT aim at solutions that provide data reliability, limit the computational overhead, and enhance energy efficiency. BIIT is evaluated through real-world experimentation.