Benchmark Models for HVDC Systems and DC-Grid Studies

The advantages of HVDC transmission in the current electricity grid environment have sparked an increased interest on HVDC system studies. A common challenge is the proper comparison and evaluation of different systems and control methods. Benchmark models facilitate this approach as they provide a common platform where such comparisons can be completed and independently validated. This paper provides a brief overview of key technologies for HVDC systems, such as converter, station and system configurations. This summary provides the necessary context for the review of current HVDC benchmark models available in the existing literature. The analysis and discussion based on the review identifies the current research gaps and opportunities for development of HVDC benchmark models, the importance of openly available data across all benchmark models covering a wide range of simulations and applications as well as the potential for development of extended models to facilitate large-scale network analysis and dc-grids.