PV-Wind-Battery Based Standalone Microgrid System with MPPT for Green and Sustainable Future

High penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs) in the existing microgrid is the dire need to fulfill increasing load demand while considering the alarming situation of global warming and higher emissions. Remotely located areas need special attention to fulfill their daily electricity needs according to the requirements during whole day activities. Renewable energy utilization including solar photovoltaic (PV) and the wind is increasing across the globe while the topology of PV-wind-battery is offering a cost-effective solution for standalone microgrid (MG) clusters with remotely connected loads. Intelligent controllers for interlinking inverter (ILI) guarantee power quality and efficiency of load voltage and frequency for critical as well as sensitive loads. Moreover, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for PV and wind enable the controllers to extract maximum power from solar and wind generating sources (SWGS), while providing the reliable energy solution with the battery storage (BS). This paper proposes a finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based ILI control (ILIC) for PV-wind-BS standalone microgrid system for the stable AC load voltage. Control hierarchy comprises of DC-DC boost converters control for maximum power extraction from PV and wind; bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost converter control of BS for stabilizing constant DC bus voltage while DC-AC inverter (VSI) control with FCS-MPC for regulation of load voltage, is proposed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink
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for PV-wind-BS standalone microgrid system (SMGS). FCS-MPC strategy is implemented for primary control, which comprises power droop control, three-phase reference generator, and inner control loop. Fluctuating and intermittent behavior of PV and Wind under variable load conditions is investigated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of MPC strategy over PI control strategy in obtaining voltage efficiency with less than 1% THD.