I. Introduction
Methods and structures for information processing have been changing. Enabled by the proliferation of modern communication technologies, globalization and specialization of workforces has led to the emergence of new decentralized models of informational work. Moreover, the millennial generation now entering the workforce often favors project-based or job-based work, as in crowdsourcing, social production, and freelance platforms [2], [3], rather than long-term commitments [4]. Indeed over the last decade, hundreds of ‘human clouds’ have launched with a variety of structures. These platforms serve clients by harnessing external crowds, and global enterprises similarly harness their internal crowds [5]–[7], making use of human cognitive surplus for information processing [8].