Tropospheric Ducts Measurement with Using Weather Sensors

Over-the-horizon propagation is mostly due to the structure of the troposphere refractive index. The refractive index of the troposphere depends on three parameters - air temperature, its humidity and atmospheric pressure. Temperature inversion prevents vertical movement of air and contributes to the formation of haze, fog, smog, clouds, and mirages. In such layers of temperature inversion, the refractive index also has an anomalous character, which causes changes in the rectilinear propagation of radio waves. The propagation in such inversions is waveguide in nature, where the role of the lower wall is performed by the sea surface, and the upper is the inversion layer. This waveguide is called the duct. In this article, we present the results of an experimental study of the duct.