Integration of Rooftop PV Systems with Decentralized Residential and Commercial Demand Side Management

Both demand side management (DSM) programs and renewable energies especially rooftop PV systems are vital for establishing future smart grids. This paper studies decentralized optimal DSM framework with rooftop PV systems for a distribution network including both commercial and residential buildings. Each smart building runs an individual optimal DSM to reschedule the operation time of its flexible appliances in order to reduce its electric energy cost at a manageable sacrifice of inconvenience according to the forecast time-varying electricity price. The DSM performance is then examined by comparing its impacts on the distribution network operation and rooftop PV integration, in terms of electricity cost saving, utilization efficiency of rooftop PV generation, voltage fluctuation and real power loss. Numerical simulation results demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework to improve rooftop PV utilization. In addition, it is found that the residential DSM may have better performance than commercial DSM in case of energy loss and voltage fluctuation and a coordinated DSM scheduling is necessary in order to deal with the negative impacts caused by commercial DSM scheduling.