I. Introduction
Turbulence has been a complex field of study for fluid mechanics since its introduction in 1933 by O. Reynolds. It is indeed characterized by a disorderly behaviour with vortices whose size, location and orientation constantly vary. In fact, understanding, predicting and controlling turbulence are the three major goals of research in this domain. The consequences are crucial: predicting the behaviour of turbulent flows in order to control and manipulate them would, in many fields of application, save energy, improve systems performances and protect the environment [1]. The most obvious example is the one of transport industry, which is confronted to the problem of aerodynamic drag on vehicles. Controlling turbulence for this application means manipulating the laminar-turbulent transition of the flow around the vehicle, controlling the phenomenon of separation of the boundary layer or reducing the noise pollution… in order to reduce power and fuel consumptions and limit CO2 and NOx emissions.