I. Introduction
Due to the rapid development of cloud computing and the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the scale of the Internet has been expanding in an amazing speed [2]. However, the network traffic has become so huge that the current IP network infrastructure is no longer sufficient. This is due to the fact that, in the current IP network infrastructure, routers execute various routing protocols to assist in packet forwarding. With the emergence of a wide variety of cloud and IoT applications, the routing tables constructed by traditional routing protocols may not accommodate the network traffic, thus resulting in poor transmission efficiency and ineffective use of the network bandwidth [3]. Besides, statistics show that it takes more than 30% CPU time for a router to complete topology discovery [7]. In the aspect of network bandwidth, 30-50% of the Internet bandwidth has been used for task-irrelevant applications. For example, in early Gnutella (a P2P file sharing application), Ping messages for creating route tables would take up 50% of all the messages transmitted [5].