PV Operation on the Low Demand Condition in the Java–Bali System

This paper analyzes the solar (PV) power plant penetration on a unique condition. Some constraints bound the maximum penetration (allowed operation) of PV. One of those boundaries is uncertainty in load profile. The uncertainty of the load profile can give different maximum PV penetration. In this study, we determine the maximum PV penetration in two types of load profile. Those conditions are at the lowest demand and typical daily demand. The unit commitment result and net load analysis can be used to determine the maximum PV penetration. The result of this study shows that the maximum PV penetration at the lowest demand is lower than the daily demand. In 2021, the maximum penetration at the lowest demand in the Java–Bali system reaches 1,812 MWp. Meanwhile, the maximum PV penetration in the daily demand reaches 3,974 MWp.