A Mixed Calibration Method of Time-to-Digital Converter for LiDAR Applications

This brief presents a mixed calibration method of time-to-digital converter (TDC) for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications, which is primarily implemented by a feedback loop consisting of VCRO-based TDC, double-digital-to-analog converter (DDAC), encoder, sampling circuit, LSB-first algorithm (LSBFA) block, and analog buffer. Based on the external input frequency control code (FCC), the method automatically adjusts the DDAC output to control TDC. To ensure that the DDAC output meets the accuracy requirements, a voltage coverage strategy is proposed, which is implemented by an external code controlling the R-2R array. Furthermore, after the chip operation is stable, a voltage trimming approach is presented to avoid introducing drastic switching activity, which is implemented using an error comparator and an LSBFA block. The peak-to-peak INL and DNL of TDC are 1.81 LSB and 0.44 LSB, respectively.