Fairness-aware Distributed Scheduling of Charging and Discharging Electric Vehicles in Dynamic Virtual Power Plants

Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a set of distributed energy resources (DER) to provide flexible energy to the grid. Electric Vehicles (EV) are now becoming more a DER than simple load due to its discharging capability. Because of dynamic availability of EVs, the EVs can now form a Dynamic VPP (DVPP) to meet the market needs. However, because of privacy issues, it is more appropriate to form a DVPP in a distributed manner instead of centralized ones. We propose a distributed scheduling mechanism for privacy-sensitive DERs (e.g., EVs) in a DVPP, preserving fairness among DERs to promote their participations.