Generalized Energy Storage Configuration Method Based on Bi-level Optimization for Distribution Power System with High Penetration of Renewable Energy

In the power system, controllable loads which can store thermal energy, potential energy and electric energy can be used as virtual energy storage systems (VESS) and form generalized energy storage systems (GESS) along with the stationary energy storage systems (SESS) composed by batteries. In view of the GESS configuration problem for distribution power system with high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes bi-level optimization method to reduce the stationary energy storage configuration demand by introducing VESS. The external model of the bi-level optimization model uses the genetic algorithm to search for the GESS configuration scheme, and the internal model is used to optimize the operation strategy of the GESS based on the dynamic programming algorithm. The simulation results for a distribution system with different penetration rate of renewable energy show that the configuration cost of stationery battery energy storage systems can be significantly reduced by the proposed method with considering the controllable loads, specifically for higher penetration of renewable energy.