Evaluation of the thermal behavior models of underground transformers based on real data

Transformers are fundamental components in energy distribution systems, especially with the evolution of smart grids, the instrumentation of this equipment should be more and more present. In this sense, mathematical models that can correctly represent their behavior are necessary, since they can compose, together with techniques of artificial intelligence, innumerable propositions and analyzes of their operation. This paper objectives to perform a bibliographic review of the mathematical models available in the technical literature on the effects of temperature variations on transformers installed in underground chambers. From this study, one of the models is adapted to the problem, transforming into a reduced model, and its validation is performed using real operation data obtained through a remote monitoring system of an underground power distribution network. The results presented considered two seasons of the year, winter and summer, for a period of 72 hours.