Real-Time Dispatch of Flexible Ramping Products for Energy Storage and Demand Response

With the increasing share of variable generation in power systems, ramping capacities, i.e., upward and downward ramping capacities from flexible generating resources are continuously demanding in the future years. Traditionally, thermal units are designated as the primary resources to provide ramping capacities. In this paper, we aim to exploit ramping capacities from many other flexible resources including the energy storage device and the demand response resource. A real-time economic dispatch framework is established, which clears the energy and flexible ramping products (FRP) jointly for each flexible resource. The proposed model can not only maintain a power balance at the current time but also accommodate any potential uncertainties in the future time. Line congestion issue is also taken into account in the proposed model. Mathematically, the problem is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem that is solved using an affine decision rule. An illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed model.