Cost-Benefit Analysis of PV Penetration and its Impact on the Frequency Stability: Case Study of the South-Central Kalimantan System

Indonesia state electric company (PLN) through the Electricity Business plan (RUPTL) 2018-2027 is targeted to realize 23% of energy mix on the renewable energy system. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the alternative solutions considered due to its environmentally friendly energy and the trend of its price decline. However, PV penetration on the grid may affect the grid frequency stability due to their intermittency. Hence, in this paper, the cost-benefit analysis was conducted to calculate the amount of the PV penetration, and then, its impact on frequency stability is analyzed. The South-Central Kalimantan system is used as the study case. The simulations show that PV penetration reduced the NPC (Net Present Cost) and LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) of the system. Also, the system frequency deviation was affected by the size of the system load and PV capacity. To maintain the frequency according to the grid code of 49.5 Hz, the use of the battery is required in several scenarios.