W-Band MIMO Radar Array Optimization and Improved Back-projection Algorithm for Far-Field Imaging

In this paper, a fast back-projection (BP) algorithm based on time-delay surface correction (TSC) for two-dimensional arrays is proposed. For the range interpolation problem caused by the conventional BP algorithm, the echo data distance migration phase correction method is used to avoid range interpolation and improve the efficiency of BP algorithm while ensuring accurate target positioning. And the computational efficiency of the two methods is compared by the simulation. Then an array optimization design scheme using the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed for eliminating the grating lobes in the W-band sparse array. The feasibility of this method is verified by simulation.