Multi-Modality Ensemble Distortion for Spatial Steganography With Dynamic Cost Correction

This article tackles a recent challenge in designing an efficient steganographic distortion model, whose goal is to accurately measure the modification cost of a pixel and help design steganographic schemes with high undetectability. Existing distortion models mostly assume that different modification directions of a pixel have an identical cost value and that pixel modifications are independent. These assumptions, however, may not lead to good steganography design because the modification direction of neighbouring pixels may affect the cost measurement of the current pixel. To address this problem, we propose a new distortion calculation method using dynamic cost correction and multi-modality distortion ensemble. The proposed scheme first employs a given distortion model to generate the original cost map. The cost of each pixel is then dynamically adjusted with majority voting according to the modification directions of its neighbouring pixels. Furthermore, different distortion calculation models are integrated to make the final decision on the distortion of each pixel. Experimental results show that compared to existing additive distortion-based steganographic schemes and deep learning-based steganographic schemes, steganography using our proposed distortion model performs better when tested against state-of-the-art steganalysis methods.