Applications of ISM and TISM: Model Building Techniques

Both the Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Total Interpretive structural modeling (TISM) are the mathematical approaches based on the pair- comparison procedure to form a hierarchical inter-relationship of elements. These are interactive methodologies using in various application areas for theory & conceptualization model building. This paper provides the implications of these techniques and describes each step of the entire processes of ISM and TISM. The main aim of the research paper is to understand the conceptual implications of both the techniques and the considerations and up-gradations which have been added into TISM over ISM. This paper also covers multiple application areas, where ISM and TISM approaches have been applied by many researchers.