Cross-calibrations of multi-GNSS Receiver Chains

GNSS receiver chain calibration is a pre-requisite for accurate GNSS time transfer and GNSS time dissemination, which becomes particularly relevant in a competitive multi-GNSS environment. Measurement of GNSS chains based on an absolute calibration approach have been proposed but are not yet operational due to the limited number of results and the absence of cross-validation among their various implementations. Both ESA and CNES have implemented their own method for absolute calibration of GNSS receiver chains. This paper reports the results of a campaign under which the two methods have been reviewed to confirm their validity, and a given receiver chain has been calibrated independently by ESA and CNES. A consistency between the two methods at the nanosecond level is demonstrated.