A Decentralized Energy Management System Inculcating Supply–Demand Ratio (SDR) and Miners’ Stake Through Blockchain Smart Contract for Community Microgrid Operation

Through a digital platform, distributed generations can be managed intelligently to increase the overall efficacy of the distribution system. It was made possible by the growing integration of distributed generation with smart meters, Internet of Things, smart sensors, etc. Decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is a new concept and is encouraged by blockchain technology (BT) due to its transparency, security, and speedy transaction handling. This article expands on the P2P concept by creating a decentralized energy trading system to demonstrate the benefits of BT in providing a secure and efficient transaction platform for a community microgrid system containing consumers, prosumers, and renewable energy source (RES) owners. The supply–demand ratio method is used to determine the P2P selling and buying prices within the network based on the optimized allocations of the prosumers/RESs owners and consumers. This article highlights the participation of miners (validators) in the microgrid ecosystem, specifically local prosumers and RES owners. By actively participating in the energy trading, miners can enhance energy security, increase system resilience, and enjoy financial incentives. The suggested model designed on the Ethereum platform showcases effective energy management of microgrid system operation and increased security level through a step-by-step implementation process.