Telemetry for Implantable Biosensors

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and test of antennas intended to be used for implantable biosensors. With the rising number of Americans managing chronic diseases, implantable biosensors offer better access to vital information for the management of these diseases. Diabetes, particularly, is managed by many through the means of a finger prick monitor, offering only a snap shot of blood glucose at a particular time without showing trends of a rise or fall in the glucose levels. Implantable sensors not only offer these trends via a continuous monitor, a fully implantable sensor offers these trends without the inconvenience of a monitoring system extending outside of the human body. Such appendages hinder the normal activity of patients monitoring their chronic diseases. Due to their full implantation, the sensor monitor needs to broadcast the analyte date from the human body outward to an external data collector. This broadcast requires an antenna made of a biocompatible antenna that operates on frequency bands allocated for medical telemetry as well as frequency bands allocated for unlicensed communication (e.g. WiFi and Bluetooth). This paper presents antennas designed using a biocompatible material Titanium Nitrite (TiN) for subcutaneous implant. The antennas presented operate on the Wireless Medical Telemetry System (WMTS) frequency band and the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band.