Energy Management Framework for a TVPP in Active Distribution Network with Diverse DERs

Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) plays an important role in modern power systems by coordinating distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in wholesale electricity market. This paper presents a framework for TVPP's energy management in an active distribution system with diverse uncertain DERs. The TVPP participates in wholesale day-ahead (DA) market and schedules DERs in order to maximize its profit, while considers actual locations of DERs in the network and takes network operational constraints into account. Many diverse DERs including DGs, renewable energy sources (RESs), and several load sectors comprising EVs, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and diverse responsive appliances (RAs) are considered. Furthermore, the customers' welfare constraints are considered to be strictly satisfied. In addition, uncertainties associated with RESs' output power and customers' load profiles are considered effectively. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem with global optimum solution. Implementing the model on an IEEE standard test system demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the model.