A Survey on Security in Automotive Networks

As a new generation vehicle are in market now days, new networking architecture is defined for those vehicles. In-vehicle communication and different interfaces which are used to connect in-vehicle network to outside are vulnerable. Communication like Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Anything (V2X) is not secure as there are so many vulnerabilities present in designed communication protocol. The vehicles which are on road consist of several Electronic controller units (ECU). These ECUs takes input from different sensors or another ECU and take appropriate action. When vehicle is on road, these ECUs are communicating continuously. According to the current figure there are near about 70 to 100 ECUs present and communication of these ECU is taken place via different communication channel called bus. To reduce the complex wiring of buses, researchers developed different protocol for different type of communication bus protocol such as LIN, CAN, FlexRay, and MOST which is widely used by different automotive manufacturers. On the basis of speed used for communication the bus is chosen like, to play video there must be very high speed bus as streaming must be taken place with maximum speed without any delay. There are several safety critical ECUs also such as break system, Engine Control, Speed Control etc. Apart from these, as day by day the luxurious features are introduced by the automotive manufacturer by adding more ECU and security for that gaining more importance. So the risk of cyber-attack is quite high which can be life threat to driver and passenger. In addition to that, interfaces such as wireless communication, remote diagnostics, and firmware update over the air are new platforms where attacker have various option for intrusion. For example attacker can take control on vehicle steering using wireless communication interface and puts lives of passengers in danger. To reduce the complex wiring for communication and increase the efficiency of communication automotive manufacturers developed different protocols but the security for that. In this paper, we will provide an insight into the different protocols for Inter-vehicle and In-vehicle communication network systems, overview and the emerging In-Vehicle networking standards and their security issues.