Effectiveness of Subjective Measurement of Drivers' Status in Automated Driving

Car manufacturers are developing conditionally automated driving vehicles that sometimes require a driver''s control. There is a lack of research on a driver''s reaction when switching from automatic driving to manual operation. This paper analyzed drivers'' experiences and workload after switching to manual drive in response to a take-over request (TOR) while performing non-driving secondary tasks. The results show that drivers experience a different workload depending on the secondary tasks and thus need to generate different TORs.